(Video Credit Above) Foods That Heal (2024). Gentiana Scabra Root United States. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hfxmFPxyHcw
Based on the evidence, the following natural plants and herbs have been reported to stimulate GLP-1 and/or GIP secretion:
- Gentiana scabra (GS): A hexane fraction of Gentiana scabra root extract was found to stimulate GLP-1 secretion in vitro (Shin et al. 2012 and Suh et al. 2015).
- Citrus aurantium: A hexane fraction of Citrus aurantium L. extract stimulated GLP-1 secretion via membrane depolarization in NCI-H716 cells (Choi et al. 2018, Ogunro et al. 2023, Bent, Padula, and Neuhaus 2004, Suntar et al, 2018, Zhang et al, 2015, and Ma et al, 2015).
- Bupleurum falcatum: A hexane fraction of Bupleurum falcatum extract significantly decreased blood glucose levels in db/db mice during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (Shin et al., 2012; Kim et al., 2012; Matsumoto et al. 1993, Yamada et al., 1991).
- Momordica charantia: the tropical vine aids in metabolic boost by improving metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Taiwanese adults, reducing the incidence rate and waist circumference, and reducing type 2 diabetes glucose levels.
- Anemarrhena asphodeloides: This herb was mentioned as another bitter-tasting medicinal plant that stimulates GLP-1 secretion (unspecified publication).
Unfortunately, per the SEC filings of Lily, the manufacturer of Mounjaro, they do not list these ingredients for any compounds of Mounjaro. For this reason, these natural ingredients are good to go ahead and use for further research advancements.
Check out “Mounjaro Trademark” information here.
The United States Trademark, Patent, and Copy information to verify validity of patent and trademark information
Now lets dive deeper into understanding the benefits of these natural products on diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and other chronic conditions.
Gentiana Scabra (GS) Root
Shin et al. (2012), asserted that gentiana scabra, a traditional Korean herbal medicine, stimulates the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). This hormone plays a crucial role in glucose metabolism and insulin secretion. GLP-1 is secreted by enteroendocrine L cells in response to nutrient intake and stimulates insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells, thus regulating blood glucose levels. The GLP-1 stimulating effect of Gentiana scabra extracts is mediated through the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) path. Specifically, the extracts activate the GLP-1 receptor and G proteins, triggering a signaling cascade leading to increased GLP-1 secretion. Organic acid, an iridoid glycoside in Gentiana scabra extracts, was identified as a key factor in the GLP-1 stimulating effect. This compound can interact with the GLP-1 receptor, triggering the GPCR-mediated signal pathway. Gentiana scabra extracts stimulate GLP-1 secretion through the G protein-coupled receptor pathway, which can contribute to their potential therapeutic effects on glucose metabolism and insulin secretion. The identified key compound, loganic acid, can play a key role in this process. The findings suggest that Gentiana scabra extracts may be a potential therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes, as they stimulate GLP-1 secretion and improve glucose metabolism. Further studies are needed to elucidate the extracts’ mechanisms and efficacy in humans fully. Similarly, Suh et al. (2015) affirm that GS has antidiabetic effects on type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
(Video Credit Above) Marathonhm (2024). Citrus Aurantium. United States. https://youtu.be/jLsq5QhqZto
Citrus Aurantium
Choi et al. (2012) indicates that the hexane fraction of Citrus aurantium L. (CA) has been found to stimulate glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion in NCI-H716 cells. This effect is mediated by membrane depolarization, which activates voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels. Essentially, it triggers the activation of Kv channels, which drives the secretion of GLP-1 from the cells. The stimulation of GLP-1 secretion by the hexane fraction of CA may have therapeutic potential for treating type II diabetes. Thus, the evidence suggests that citrus aurantium L. is a natural source of bioactive compounds with anti-diabetic properties.
Similarly, Ogunro et al. (2023) claim that phytochemistry is a citrus aurantium, also known as bitter orange, is a rich source of various plant chemicals, including:
- Flavonoids: Naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, limonene, tangeretin, and nobiletin.
- Phenylethylamines: Methyltyramine, tyramine, octopamine, and synephrine (mainly).
- Alkaloids: Acridone alkaloids, such as aurantiamine and citraline.
- Terpenoids: Limonoids, such as limonin and nomilin.
- Coumarins: Umbelliferone and scopoletin.
Therapeutic Potential: Citrus aurantium has been traditionally used to treat various health conditions, including:
- Obesity: Synephrine, a beta-3 adrenergic agonist, has been used as a weight loss aid.
- Anxiety and insomnia: The essential oil and extracts have been reported to exhibit anxiolytic and sedative effects.
- Headaches and migraines: The plant’s phytochemicals have been shown to possess analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties.
- Cancer treatment: Citrus aurantium extracts have been studied for their potential anti-cancer activities.
- Antibacterial and antifungal properties: The plant’s essential oil and extracts have been reported to exhibit antimicrobial activity.
The plant chemical composition of bitter orange varies depending on factors such as fruit ripeness, growth location, and treatment methods. However, overall, Citrus aurantium is recognized as a valuable source of bioactive compounds with potential health benefits.
On the contrary, Bent, Padula, and Neuhaus (2004) claim that there is limited evidence to support the effectiveness of citrus aurantium for weight loss. Some studies have shown that p-synephrine, a compound found in citrus aurantium, may increase fat breakdown, raise energy expenditure, and mildly suppress appetite. Still, these effects occur at high doses that are discouraged due to the lack of safety information. Therefore, a systematic review of 18 articles found that synephrine did not promote weight loss, and neither did it cause beneficial effects on body composition. Using citrus aurantium for weight loss is not recommended due to limited evidence of its effectiveness and potential safety concerns. People considering using citrus aurantium for weight loss should consult a health professional and carefully weigh the potential risks and benefits.
On the contrary, Suntar et al. (2018) assert that citrus aurantium L. is a versatile plant with multiple functions as a food ingredient and therapeutic agent. Therefore, its bioactive compounds have been studied for their potential in various therapeutic applications, including anti-cancer, anti-anxiety, anti-obesity, and antibacterial activities. For this reason, it fully elucidates the plant’s mechanisms of action and explores its potential in modern medicine and food technology. More research is needed.
Similarly, Zhang et al. (2015) and Ma et al. (2015) assert that more than 200 compounds have been isolated and identified from Citrus aurantium, including flavonoids, phenol acids, terpenoids, and limonoids. Notably, three new compounds, citrusauranosides A, B, and C, were discovered in the fruits of Citrus aurantium. Most importantly, Studies have demonstrated the antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, anticancer, antidiabetic, antidepressant, gastroprotective, and hepatoprotective properties of Citrus aurantium. For this reason, Nobiletin, a key compound found in Citrus aurantium, has been studied for its potential anticancer properties. Experimental studies have confirmed its antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Therefore, the evidence indicates that citrus aurantium has made significant progress in recent years, highlighting its potential as a valuable traditional Chinese medicine with multiple bioactive compounds and pharmacological activities.
(Video Credit Above) White Rabbit Institute of Healing. (2024). Bupleurum Falcatum. United States. https://youtu.be/Fus7uFtWtoI
Bupleurum Falcatum
Kim et al. (2012) suggest that traditional herbal medicine has been used to treat various conditions, including hyperthyroidism. This study studied the antioxidant and protective effects of Bupleurum falcatum on L-thyroxine-induced hyperthyroidism in rats. Bupleurum falcatum extracts showed dose-dependent reversal of L-thyroxine-induced hyperthyroidism in rats. The extracts normalized liver oxidative stress and reduced liver and epididymal fat pad changes. Bupleurum falcatum extracts 150 mg/kg showed comparable effects on L-thyroxine-induced rat hyperthyroidism compared to propylthiouracil (PTU) 10 mg/kg, a standard antithyroid drug. The aqueous extract of Bupleurum falcatum was evaluated for its possible ameliorative effect in regulating hyperthyroidism in the L-thyroxine-induced rat model. Bupleurum falcatum extracts may help improve hyperthyroidism and accompany various organ damage through antioxidant effects. The extracts may inhibit the enzyme 5′-deiodinase, which converts thyroxine (T4) to the active form triiodothyronine (T3). Bupleurum falcatum extracts can also regulate antioxidant defense systems, including glutathione contents, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities. Therefore, Bupleurum falcatum extracts showed antioxidant and protective effects on L-thyroxine-induced hyperthyroidism in rats, suggesting its potential use in regulating it.
Matsumoto et al. (1993) argue that the pectic polysaccharide from Bupleurum falcatum L. has been shown to enhance immune-complex binding to peritoneal macrophages through the up-regulation of Fc receptor (FcR) expression. The polysaccharide, especially bupleuran 2IIb, induces FcR up-regulation on macrophages by increasing cell calcium levels, followed by improved immune complex clearance. The ramified region is the essential carbohydrate structure for FcR up-regulation, which consists of a rhamnogalacturonan core substituted with neutral sugar chains as side chains. Bupleuran 2IIb shows strong immune activity, strengthens immune complex binding to macrophages and promotes immune complex clearance. Thus, polysaccharide may have therapeutic potential in treating inflammatory diseases, such as autoimmune diseases, where immune complex inflammation plays a key role.
Similarly, Yamada et al. (1991) indicated that Bupleurum falcatum, a plant used in traditional Chinese and Japanese medicine, has been found to possess anti-ulcer properties. This plant’s roots contain polysaccharides that have been shown to prevent gastric lesions and promote healing. Thus, Bupleuran 2IIc has potential applications in treating stomach ulcers and other inflammatory diseases. It can also be used as an immune agent and liver protectant.
(Video Credit Above) Beat Your Diabetes (2024). Momordica Charantia. (Charatin), polypeptide P, Vicine. United States. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p2_F_phpqXc
Momordica Charantia
Huang et al. (2013) indicate that Wild bitter gourd (WBG) (Momordica charantia) has been traditionally used to manage diabetes in oriental medicine. Recent studies have shown that WBG extracts can boost GLP-1 secretion, contributing to its anti-diabetic activity. It has been used in traditional medicine for various ailments, including diabetes, hypertension, and inflammatory diseases. Its extracts have shown anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, making it a promising natural remedy for various diseases. The stimulation of GLP-1 secretion by BG extracts might involve certain bitter taste receptors and/or the PLCβ2-signaling pathway. BG’s bitter taste compounds could activate bitter taste receptors in L cells and cause more GLP-1 secretion.
Pham et al. (2019) found that the biological activities of wild bitter melon (Momordica charantia var. abbreviate Ser.), specifically its effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetic rats. The ethanol extract of wild bitter gourd (WBGE) effectively reduced blood glucose and lipid levels and relieved glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in diabetic rats. WBGE inhibited oxidant responses and inflammatory damage, suggesting its potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Mechanism studies showed WBGE may regulate the AMPK/PI3K signaling pathway. The content of total phenol, total flavonoids, total saponins, and total polysaccharides were measured, with 27 compounds identified by LC-MS. Thus, it demonstrated the potential of wild bitter melon extract as a dietary intervention strategy to prevent diabetes and related metabolic anomalies. The extract’s ability to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism and its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties make it a promising natural cure for type 2 diabetes management.
Sun et al. (2023) cited in a recent study that wild bitter melon (Momordica charantia var. abbreviate Ser.) extract had a profound impact on glucose and lipid metabolism in high-fat diet (HFD)/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetic rats. The study found that oral administration of wild bitter melon extract significantly reduced blood sugar levels in diabetic rats, indicating its potential as a natural anti-diabetic agent.
- Improved insulin sensitivity: The extract also improved insulin sensitivity, as measured by glucose tolerance tests and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) expression.
- Lipid metabolism modulation: Wild bitter melon extract decreased triglyceride levels and increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, suggesting its ability to modulate lipid metabolism.
- AMPK/PI3K signaling pathway involvement: Mechanistic studies revealed that the extract may act by regulating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway, which plays a crucial role in glucose and lipid metabolism.
Therefore, WBG demonstrates the potential of dietary wild bitter melon extract as a natural therapeutic approach for type 2 diabetes, especially in improving glucose and lipid metabolism. The extract’s ability to regulate the AMPK/PI3K signaling pathway highlights its potential as a valuable adjunctive therapy for diabetes management.
Similarly, Hsiao et al. (2017) provide evidence that “Hualian No. 4” wild bitter gourd extract has increased anti-fatigue activities and enhanced exercise performance in mice. The extract dose-dependently increased grip strength and endurance swimming time in mice. In addition, serum lactate, ammonia, creatine kinase, blood urea nitrogen, and economized glucose metabolism after acute exercise challenge. The extract significantly reduced alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and urea acid (UA), and increased total protein (TP). Therefore, The extract significantly decreased body weight (BW) and epididymal fat pad (EFP) in mice.
Anemarrhena Asphodeloides
Kim et al. (2013) confirmed that anemarrhena asphodeloides, a traditional oriental medicine, has been prescribed to treat diabetes. Studies have shown that aqueous extracts of anemarrhena asphodeloides stimulate glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion in enteroendocrine NCI-H716 cells. GLP-1 is secreted from human enteroendocrine L cells in response to absorbed nutrients and increases glucose-dependent insulin release, making it a therapeutic method for treating type II diabetes. Therefore, anemarrhena asphodeloides may be a potential natural cure for treating diabetes mellitus by stimulating GLP-1 secretion.
Yan et al. (2013) confirmed anemarrhena asphodeloides, an herb used in traditional Chinese medicine, has been found to modulate gut microbiota and restore pancreatic function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
- Gut microbiota regulation: The herbal extract increased the diversity of intestinal microbiota, enriched potentially beneficial bacteria such as Blautia, and suppressed potentially harmful bacteria.
- Pancreatic function restoration: Anemarrhena asphodeloides extract promoted pancreatic cell regeneration and restored the function of pancreatic islet cells through peroxiredoxin 4 overexpression.
- Mechanistic Insights: The study suggested that the anti-diabetic effect of the herb is mediated by modulating the microbiota, which in turn affects pancreatic function and glucose metabolism.
These findings suggest that Anemarrhena asphodeloides may be a potential therapeutic agent for managing diabetes by modulating the intestinal microbiome and restoring pancreatic function.
Kiyohara, Matsuzaki, and Yamada (2013) and Ciou et al. (2014) affirmed that wild bitter gourd (Momordica charantia Linn. var. abbreviate ser.) extract had been shown to increase anti-fatigue activities and enhance exercise performance in mice. Essentially, reducing glucose metabolism and reduced muscle damage after acute exercise challenge. Provided increased glycogen storage in the liver and gastrocnemius muscle, suggesting increased energy reserves for exercise, reduced weight, improved protein, and physical performance. Research has shown that wild bitter gourd has components that activate PPARα and PPARγ, which are therapeutic targets for cardiovascular disease. In addition, Wild bitter gourd treatment has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects in BALB/c mice with sepsis, promoting lipid metabolism and improving low blood glucose. These findings suggest that wild bitter gourd may provide medical benefits for some people, especially those with sepsis.
(Video Credit Above) WAVE Plastic Surgery (2024). Mounjaro (Tirzapetide). United States. https://youtu.be/wE-D3cSUyLg
Historical Evidence of Tirzepatide dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)
Fisman and Tenenbaum (2021) affirm that Tirzepatide is a dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist that has shown promising results in the management of type 2 diabetes and obesity. According to the authors, Tirzepatide and additional dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists could eventually be developed, a promising advancement for managing several cardiometabolic settings. Clearly, it was too early to be too hopeful because it was necessary to determine the long-term effects of these compounds and properly check the potential cardiovascular benefits. Now, moving forward to the present day, there is Mounjaro.
Kim and Jang (2015) indicate that Tirzepatide is a dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist that has shown promising results in the management of type 2 diabetes and obesity. This new therapeutic agent can potentially improve glycemic control, reduce body weight, and favorably change the lipid profile. Tirzepatide is a new cardiometabolic therapeutic prospect that has shown promising results in the management of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Its dual receptor agonism and improved insulin sensitivity make it attractive for type 2 diabetes patients.
Min and Bain (2021) stipulated that tirzepatide is a novel dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, has been studied in the SURPASS clinical trials for its efficacy and safety in managing type 2 diabetes. The tests showed unprecedented results in reducing glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and body weight. Therefore, its unique action mechanism, combining insulin secretion enhancement, gastrointestinal slowdown, and central nervous system modulation, sets it apart from other glucose-lowering therapies. Therefore, tirzepatide can revolutionize type 2 diabetes treatment, improving glycemic control, weight reduction, and cardiovascular safety.
Karagiannis et al. (2022) confirmed in a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that they were assessed for the efficacy and safety of tirzepatide in this context. Tirzepatide is a dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist that has shown promising results in managing type 2 diabetes. The study found that tirzepatide has shown promising results in managing type 2 diabetes, indicating its potential as a treatment option.
Pelle et al. (2021) confirmed that the dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonists, such as tirzepatide, represent a novel class of agents that offer improved glycemic control, weight loss, and potential cardiovascular benefits for patients with type 2 diabetes. In contrast,
Müller et al. (2019) indicate that peptide 1 (GLP-1)
The evidence indicates that traditional herbal medicine has been used for centuries to treat various health conditions. From ancient to modern times, herbal remedies have been employed to prevent, diagnose, and treat various ailments. These are just a few examples of the many conditions that traditional herbal medicine has been used to treat. While the effectiveness of herbal remedies can vary, they have been integral to many traditional medical systems for centuries. Therefore, these natural compounds should be integrated into research to advance further chronic conditions, which include weight loss, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and other severe health conditions.
The Evidence Indicate that Mounjaro Has Advanced Due to Natural Compounds
While Mounjaro is a prescription drug with a proven track record for weight loss, the natural compounds listed above offer a comprehensive approach with distinct mechanisms of action. People considering weight loss supplements may find the natural compounds attractive because of their potential for broader benefits, fewer side effects, and greater convenience. However, consulting with a health professional before adding supplements to your program is essential, especially if you have primary health conditions or take medications.
Mounjaro mainly targets the brain’s appetite centers, reducing hunger and increasing satiety. While it may be effective for weight loss, its effects may be more pronounced in the short term, and long-term adherence to treatment may be challenging.
Ultimately, choosing between natural weight loss and Mounjaro compounds depends on individual patient needs and preferences. Natural compounds like berberine and green tea extract may be preferred for patients seeking a more gentle, non-invasive approach with fewer potential side effects. In comparison, Mounjaro may be suitable for patients with type 2 diabetes seeking comprehensive weight loss and glucose control treatment.
Natural compounds’ mechanism of action may be more complex and multifaceted than Mounjaro weight loss compounds, which often target specific pathways. Therefore, natural compounds’ multiple receptor agonisms may contribute to their superiority to weight loss efficacy and decrease the risk of side effects compared to Mounjaro. Most importantly, while natural compounds may sound less effective for weight loss due to a lack of research evaluation, they may be better tolerated and have fewer interactions with medications.
While some of these compounds may have synergistic effects, it is essential to note that individual results may vary, and more research is needed to understand their interactions and potential benefits fully. Therefore, the effectiveness of natural compounds compared to prescriptions like Mounjaro must be tested and re-tested. Further research is needed.
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Deanna Watson, CEO of Sudden Changes Corporation Chicago, IL
